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Systemic Therapies
Relevant information about Systemic Therapies.
- An overview of the treatment
In the '50s, psychotherapy went through a period of great change, especially in the United States. Of being intrapsychic and psicodinámica it happened to be directive and external and to involve the relatives of the consulting ones or even whole families in the sessions.
In this context, Systemic Therapies are born. The departure point is the transition of the individual to the system, that is to say, before dealing with the intrapsychic, will address the interpersonal. One of the key assumptions supporting this type of operation is that all behavior is communication.
At first, Systemic Therapies are developed to meet families where a member suffered a serious mental illness. Currently serving a variety of dysfunctional group situations.
Thus, these treatments do not address the discomfort of the sick individual as such, but the forms of organization of systems where the client is inserted. Therefore, the interaction that support the group members will constitute the work item. In fact, the key to systemic intervention is to introduce a significant change in the interaction of members of a system, thus attending to the symptoms of consultation.
At methodologic theoretical level, they are based on General Systems Theory, Cybernetics and the pragmatics of human communication. In general, make two-way interaction axis in human relations because they see constant feedback phenomena influencing the behavior of individuals. So, first of all comes a member of the group expressing symptomatic pathology. In many cases, this subject is often labeled "useless", "Donkey," "sick," "lazy" or other stigmatizing status.
- What problem/ s is expected to be solved
Systemic Therapies attempt to alter the balance of pathogenic relationship between members of a group, to facilitate new forms of relationships. Therefore, a symptom of any member of a group is read as an expression of a total system failure. To understand the symptoms must be understood not only to those who have the symptom, but also their insertion groups. For this model, the symptom has a role: to maintain the balance of the various group systems. So when the "why" of a piece of behavior can not find answers, the question of "why" may provide a solution.
Also, the goals of treatment may vary according to the school under which the theoretical frame. According to Interactional School, for example, therapy interventions are aimed at "short" group relations so as to produce a change in the structure of the system. Structural-Strategic School emphasizes triadic relations and the role of "alliances" and "coalitions" in the functioning of the systems. Here, the usual interventions pass to redefine the problem for the system in order to accept the possibility of a change. On the other hand, the school of Milan concentrates in the families with typical problems of psychotic upheavals or nervous anorexy. Often, interventions are a "positive connotation of the symptom ', that is, a redefinition of the problem. Constructivist models, meanwhile, point to the construction of meanings shared by members of the system. Therefore, interventions attempt to repair the family history from alternative frameworks.
By focusing on interactions, systemic therapies are appropriate to advise individuals, couples, groups and organizations. The starting point is always the focus of the problem or complaint.
Between the first and second sessions usually spend a week. As patients are experiencing improvements, the sessions will be spaced. The structure of the sessions is the following: phase of therapeutic conversation; therapeutic intervention (which may exceed the realm of verbal expression, using techniques sometimes psychodramatic); return of conclusions and, if appropriate, a commitment to a task.
One technique is typical paradoxical prescription. This appeal involves walking through the territory of the absurd and illogical, to replace the attitudes that cause discomfort for truly corrective actions.
The positive connotation is another technique widely used in systemic treatments. It is reformulate the attribution of meaning on the symptom, the problem or situation, changing the content categorization. This implies a profound cognitive redefinition. In this sense, there are other connotations of a more superficial, such as those that help enhance the patient. For example, when the therapist supported in their efforts to attend the consultation and want to get out of the problem found. Whatever the level of connotation, it is a useful tool to stimulate the therapeutic process.
Between sessions, there is usually a time of two to six weeks. The total number of sessions depends on the progress achieved in the psychotherapeutic process. However, the overall average treatment ranges from 10 to 14 sessions. Therefore, these approaches can be considered as brief therapies. However, at times between the subsystems work, individual sessions and resolution of different levels of problems, therapy can last for years.
Systemic therapies have proven effective in the field of eating disorders, drug addiction and dysfunctional children's behaviors. They are also very suitable treatments for phobias, depressive disorders, the problems of adoption, family violence, psycho preoperative, palliative care, the crisis of stress and the problems of the elderly.
In regard to systemic therapy is remarkable even effective in clinical depression.
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