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Incisional Hernia Surgery
Relevant information about Incisional Hernia Surgery.
- What does the surgery consist on
The purpose of the surgery is to correct a fragile area of the body that has been developed around or close to a scar from a prior abdominal incision. The incisional hernia can be a result of a tension or a pressure that was made in the affected area. The patient will notice the hernia because it will appear as a bulge that is under the skin and is, in the majority of the cases, painful to the touch.
- Which problem does the surgery solve
Incisional hernias are more likely to appear in obese patients, or in pregnant women. It is probable, that if the patient has a history of previous hernias to have the risk of suffering another incisional hernia. This type of hernia can appear after having an abdominal surgery; the risk appears mostly six months after the operation. People who are more exposed to having an incisional hernia are: patients who have undergone an abdominal surgery and are; pregnant women and people who participate in sports or physical activities which involve making an important abdominal pressure.
- How is the surgery performed
These hernias can appear after undergoing important surgeries such as, intestinal or vascular operations, while they can appear in small surgeries too, such as, appendectomy or laparoscopy. In the majority of the cases, incisional hernias develop after a few months from the operation; however, there are situations where these hernias can be found years after the operation. There are some factors that can increase in a negative way, the risk of having an incisional hernia; those factors include malnutrition, obesity, an advanced age, and poor conditions in metabolism, dialysis and an excessive retention of fluids. The risk will be higher for an obese patient because their weight makes a great pressure in the affected area. The first symptom that the patient will notice is pain around the wound; incisional hernias may increase their size and produce more symptoms with the pass of a few months from its apparition. The main purpose of the incisional hernia repair is to eliminate the tension that is made around the surgical wound.
There are two types of surgeries: laparoscopic procedure or an open surgery. In both procedures the patient will lie in the operating table, and the surgeons will inject him/her with general anesthesia. In some cases of lower risk they prefer using local anesthesia (this depends on the part of the body that is affected and the difficulty of the repair). In an open surgery a first incision is made in order to remove fat and scar tissue from the abdominal wall that is closer the hernia. The surgeon will suture with non-absorbable sutures, after this they will be tied down and knotted. In the less-invasive laparoscopic procedure, the surgeon will make two or three small incisions; he will insert a laparoscope in one of the incisions and surgical instruments in the others in order to remove the scar tissue. The surgeon will be able to watch all the entire procedure on a special monitor.
- Surgery length: The surgery is estimated to last between one to two hours. Before making a final diagnose, it is probable that the doctor will make a few questions to the patients in order to found out if he/she is suffering a hernia. To confirm the presence of a hernia, the professional will make an ultrasound examination or a computed tomography. A few months before the operation the doctor will give a specific diet to the patient in order to lose weight. This is important, because losing weight decreases the risk during the surgical procedure and it improves the results of the operation.
- How is the post surgery process
After the surgery is done, the patient will be taken to a special area where nurses will check blood pressure, the temperature of the body, pulse, and if the heart is having a normal function. In the majority of the cases, patients are able to leave the hospital after these tests. Some patients will need to have a special medication for pain and to avoiding inflammation. In most of the cases, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to the patient, in order to prevent the risk of having a post-operative infection. Physical activities should be avoided for at least one to two months after the operation.
The two main risks that can be a result of having a hernia surgery are bleeding and infection. To avoid these complications, the doctor will make tests that will determinate if the patient is able to undergo the surgical procedure. These tests are done because in the majority of the cases they assure that the patient will not experience these complications. However, if the patient presents signals of an infection it is important to tell the doctor this situation; the professional will give adequate medication such as antibiotics in order to stop the infection. Another possible complication could be an adverse reaction to the anesthesia; to avoid this, the patient will have a meeting with an anesthesiologist and he/she will determinate what type of anesthesia will be more suitable for the patient.
The surgery will allow the patient to experience and to enjoy many more aspects of his/her life. People, who have hernias, usually complain because of the pain and the discomfort that this situation brings. Having a hernia is not a comfortable situation, and fortunately it can be avoided and corrected by undergoing a surgical procedure.
- What does the surgery not do
The surgery will not be accompanied with medications given by the doctor. Special medications are given only in specific cases where the patient presents severe pain or signals of an infection. If the patient does not present any of these symptoms, the doctor will not give any medication.
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