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Family Therapy
Relevant information about Family Therapy.
Family Therapy and therapy throughout the twentieth century was conceived in the horizon of the bourgeois patriarchal family from the nation state legalized. Times have changed, market globalization and the conditions of possibility of the families have been altered. It is unimaginable a process of restoration of that family. Today traditional family, transitional and post-modern settings coexist. Are also very diverse family practices not necessarily associated with disease or dysfunction.
The family is understood as a staff of one or more adults and children in parental role with some degree of economic and emotional dependence, which governs the incest taboo.
The families that consult today are generally more democratised families but having to serve new masters: the rights of the man, the woman, the children, the adolescent, the greater adult, the one than have different needs, etc.
It may happen then, to fall into an anarchical operation where it does not appear clear who will be the guarantor, responsible for giving each one what it has been culturally recognized right.
The roles are less differentiated, both the generational and gender. They are frequently families more separated of those than we used to find. Its members spend less time together, although children take longer to leave the parental home.
Changed, besieged, broken and / or reconstructed families remain, and will be for a long time where humans are bred. This type of therapy was born and continues to be pragmatic. Psychotherapists are consulted to relieve suffering and also to determine what is normal and what is abnormal in people's behaviors and practices of families. Far from being a simple task (it never was), this is built day by day and a case to case complexity.
- An overview of the treatment
Just as individual therapy is a process of communication between a therapist and a person who comes to consult for changes in behavior, attitudes and thoughts of Family Therapy is a branch of psychotherapy that assists couples and families to harmonize and strengthen relations and promote its development.
The family has always raised ambivalent feelings. Family life is one of the first significant experiences of life of the individual plays an important role in both emotional and physical development. Two criteria seem constant when talking about the family: the alliance, that is to say, the affinity and mode of conjugal union and affiliation, that is to say, the way of descendants.
The treatment consists of constructing a space where you can address emotional problems, interpersonal relationships and difficulties of members of families experiencing a crisis situation.
This may be the result of the diagnosis or problem facing a child or family evolutionary changes such as: adolescence, death of a relative or old age, so it is serving families who need guidance on communication patterns, management rules, divorce, among others.
The therapist may choose to keep sessions with the whole family or with their members separately, according to the needs of treatment. Anyway, you should never forget the relations of each with the family environment. The therapeutic goal will be to cause one or more changes, the effect will be to return to the family competent enough to solve its own conflicts.
- What problem/ s is expected to be solved
Every family is subject to permanent changes and goes through different cycles. Faced with these changes, each member is positioned differently. Some crisis facing the system coping well, others can not cope with these changes and end up disorganized, leading to different symptoms.
This type of problematic are those that the families lead to consulting work and on that it works to arrive at a solution.
Crisis is defined as "a state of affairs in which a decisive change is imminent in one way or the other." As you see, can not be achieved without any radical change crisis. The life cycles are a series of stages that an individual must pass both in individual and family.
These stages are those that take to concomitant changes within the system since they refer to inputs and outputs of the members (birth, adolescence, maturity and oldness).
These are, in many cases triggers for starting therapy. In families, the crisis may lead to rules and roles are confused and that revive latent conflicts or unresolved. The natural response of the family from any kind of crisis is to delay or even avoid change.
We can understand the family as an open system in constant transformation, that in spite of the permanent changes, is maintained throughout the time. On the other hand, manifest behaviors that give uniqueness redundant, with a set of beliefs that assign meaning to their particular way of reading the world. Every family has problems and should negotiate commitments that make life possible in common.
In several cases, families may hold to these changes of entries and exits, so even some entries may be beneficial by helping to maintain balance. In other cases they are more harmful and are checked at the outputs of a member or "loss" can occur where depressions in one of the remaining members. All different and multiple losses suffered during the course of life. It is inevitable in these situations through a grieving process.
In addition to life crises and losses, some of the most common reasons for consultation are: Issues surrounding the separation or divorce, links to members adolescents, children with a developmental disorder, children suffering from neglect or abuse, including.
One of the goals in Family Therapy is to integrate the needs of independent growth of each member with the integrity of the family system.
Families come to therapy because of a problem that causes frustration, despair and pain, and can not resolve by themselves. They are often referred to a therapist by others (lawyers or doctors) who believe that the family is unable to solve the problem without help.
The aim is to enable the family to find new hope and help to revive old dreams or develop new ones. If the independent members of a family does not perceive, from the beginning, that life can be different, could not find the positive energy necessary for change.
Family Psychotherapy is a special method of treatment applied to natural and primary group: the family. Their activities are not the isolated individual patient but the family as a whole.
Unlike individual therapy, there are more than two people and the interaction is not confidential. While the mode of verbal interaction is essential, other forms of nonverbal interaction also assume great importance in parallel to the verbal.
The therapeutic relationship is purposeful changes in the family system of interaction, not each of its individuals. Individual changes, although they may be, are secondary to the change in the family system.
We consider the family as a system where they are forming relationships among its members. When a member has a problem, the rest inevitably is also involved with or affected. On the other hand, others can help in the solution.
Usually a meeting is convened all members of the family, focusing on patterns of interaction and the structure and dynamics of the system. However, according to the case, the therapist can use various methods:
- Sessions with the whole family
- Sessions with allies subsystems: Example: Family, Children, Mother-Son/ Daughter, Father-Son/ Daughter.
- Individual sessions (in which the goal remains the change in the family system).
Family therapy is often shorter than the individual, although this is highly variable. Once you have decided what treatment to follow, there are several types of interventions used different durations. Broadly speaking we can list three possible scenarios:
- Crisis Intervention: In this case the intervention is of short duration and very intense. It takes place during the time of crisis and usually lasts less than a month with daily sessions. Its primary objective is to avoid or urgent avert the impending decompensation of family relationships of one or more members.
It is indicated in cases of crisis the family that cause severe pain or severe symptoms, such as: accidents, sickness, death, loss, etc..
- Brief family therapy: In these cases, there is also a crisis but the situation is less urgent. It is the therapist who sets the limits of the sessions and the duration and frequency estimates. Usually, this type of therapy is done with an extension from one to twenty sessions with an average duration of five months.
This type of treatment duration and is for example when a couple need immediate help to decide a divorce or separation.
- Long-term family therapy: In this therapy the desired objectives and goals of treatment are "more ambitious" and do not urgently. For this reason there is no limit of time and duration will be planned during the same therapy. An example of this would families with chronic problems that are not susceptible to modification in the short term and even families who have already gone through a short-term therapy but this was not enough or was incomplete.
The objectives that you expect from family therapy will be in direct relation to the problems identified by the family as by the therapist. The latter must take special care to be confirming or checking what are the objectives and expectations of the family because, otherwise, the family may not see answered their demand and stopping treatment.
In general terms we can place five objectives and results on which we work in family therapy:
- If there is a patient identified as the carrier of the disease, the disease spread search among all members of the family, reducing the anxiety group, relabeling behaviors and restructuring the operating system to a less pathogenic.
- Increases and facilitates the communication skills of thoughts and feelings of each of the members in particular and with the rest.
- Promotes the flexibility of the family group when moving and/or to mobilize roles and disturbed and static coalitions to promote the dynamism in the performance of familiar roles and also that members can be replaced to each other at specified times or in situations of crisis.
- Identify and develop patterns of interaction and more functional partnerships for each family at each stage of development. Members are prevented from clinging to rigid patterns of interaction which, in a crisis, become obsolete causing family dysfunction and other symptoms.
- Achieving autonomy and self-organization. It is intended that the family's basic functions are carried out by organizing the resources of the family system itself needs both physical and expressive and emotional.
As mentioned, the expected objectives vary and are built in every family and every individual case. While the family is a system in constant change and interaction, may be that the initially proposed objectives is changed or did not come to fruition. The frustration and lack of quick results is one of the main reasons why family therapy is abandoned.
It is also recurrent treatment once started new problems arise and / or the triggering of latent crisis that kept producing new symptoms. This can lead to some members from being motivated individual to seek treatment as any change in the system inevitably affects, directly or indirectly to all members.
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