Relevant information about Eye Surgery.
Degenerative myopia is one of the most serious forms of myopia. It is related to changes produced in the retina which can cause vision loss, making it the 7th leading cause of blindness. This kind of myopia is said to be hereditary and it shows most commonly on the pre-adolescence. The size of the eye will have a rapid growth during adolescence, and by the early twenties the eye is bigger. Once it starts, it progresses at a rapid velocity and the vision result is largely related to the extent of the lenticular changes and fundus. It can also lead to the detachment of the retina and glaucoma, and the Patients are more likely to have cataract formation.
The symptoms of degenerative myopia include strong headaches, decreased vision and sensitivity to light. Furthermore, if a Patient complains about light flashes and floaters, retinal detachment has occurred. Degeneration of the lattice in the peripheral retina, atrophy of the rings that circle the optic disc, vitreous liquefaction and detachment, lacquer cracks and atrophy of the fundus are the most common characteristics of degenerative myopia.
In spite of the limited amount of treatments, there are two promising ones in order to correct degenerative myopia. The first consists of an early treatment with 7-methylxanthine: it has shown the normalization of the abnormal growth patter of eyes with myopia in children between the ages of 8 and 13. The second is called scleral buckling: it has the capacity to prevent the extension of axial and decrease the toll of myopic macular degeneration. Despite these treatments, one must always control its intraocular pressure and pay attention to any complications.
Lasik (which means Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) Eye Surgery is a procedure aimed to decrease a person’s dependency on glasses. It is a kind of refractive surgery that is done to correct myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. It modifies the cornea’s shape with an excimer laser. Then a laser device called laser keratome is used to cut a lapel in the cornea. The flap is lifted and the laser reshapes the eye. Then the flap is replaced functioning as a natural bandage. There are numerous techniques that are being developed: faster lasers, bigger spot areas, bladeless flap incisions, among others.
As the light-sensitive layer of tissue located in the back of the inner , the retina sends the images transformed into electric signals to the optic nerve to the brain. When a person suffers retinal detachment, it means that the retina has been pulled from its position and it can cause vision loss, making this condition a medical emergency.
Three different types of retinal detachment exist: rhegmatogenous, exudative and tractional. The first kind of detachment is the most common: fluid leaks underneath the retina due to a rupture in it, and it causes a separation from the retinal pigment epithelium (a layer that nourishes the retina). In the exudative type, fluid gets under the retina but is does not induce any tears in it. Retinal diseases, such as inflammatory disorders and an eye injury, can cause this type. Finally, the tractional type of retinal detachment is not very common, excepting in those who suffer diabetes. Scar tissue on the retinal surface makes a contraction and it provokes the separation of the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium.
Among the symptoms, light flashes and sudden or gradual increase in the floaters (tiny specks that are floating in your vision field) are included, along with the appearance of a curtain in the field of your vision. A retinal detachment is more likely to be seen in people who have more than 40 years. However, it can occur at any age, affecting more male than female. The people who are in risk of having a retinal detachment are those who have suffered an eye injury, that have been through a cataract surgery, have a relative who has have it, have other diseases and those who are nearsighted. A large percentage of the cases of retinal detachment are successfully treated thanks to modern therapy. Nevertheless, the result is not predictable.
Cataracts occur when the eye’s lens is clouded, and if it isn’t treated over a long period of time, it gets worse. Cataract surgery is optional, but is an effective way to restore your vision. It involves the removal of the clouded lens and furtherly replaced with a clear artificial one, taking less than an hour to do it, and it is performed under local anesthesia.
Extracapsular and intracapsular are the two principal kinds of cataract surgery. The first one, the extracapsular surgery, consists of the removal of the lens, with ultrasound technology, and the capsule is left there, which influences the improvement of the healing process of the eye. The second surgery consists of the removal of the entire lens and also the capsule. However, this kind of cataract surgery has been reported to have increased complications related to risks of retinal detachment.
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