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Dental Bone Graft Surgery
Relevant information about Dental Bone Graft Surgery.
- What does the surgery consist on
It is a surgical procedure which implies the replacing of a missing bone, using material from the body of the patient; it can also be an artificial, synthetic, or natural replacement. This treatment involves a biological mechanism which consists mainly in the bone tissue. This component of the human body is capable of being regenerated only if it has the proper space to develop itself. The biological process includes several mechanisms that can be presented. Among them we can find: osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteopromotion. Osteoconduction is a process where the bone graft works as a scaffold for the new bone that will occupy the place of the native bone. Osteoinduction is the stimulation of the osteoprogenitors cells that begin a difference between osteoblasts which are in charge of the beginning the new bone formation. Finally, the osteopromotion implies the increase of the osteoinduction, avoiding the possession of the osteoinductive properties.
- Which problem does the surgery solve
The surgery is used, mostly to solve problems related to dental implants, for example if there is the need of restoring the edentulous area of a missing tooth. It helps to the proper reintegration of the implant in the mouth of the patient. There are cases where the professionals have to decide what kind of implant it is better to use. If the patient has been a long time edentulous, it may be necessary to extract the bone from another part of his/her body, for instance his/her chin or from the iliac crest of the pelvis.
- How is the surgery performed
The treatment can be performed by using many kinds of bone grafts. Among its possibilities, we can find: allografts, synthethic variants, xenografts, alloplastic grafts and growth factors. Allografts are human bones, but present a difference, they do not belong to the patient, they are bones that are taken from cadavers, which, before dying have donated their bones to a bone bank so they could be used for living people. Synthetic variants are those which are created using materials like ceramic or bioglass, some specialist believe that this method is not so effective compared to the use of natural bones. Xenograft, for instance, uses bones that come from cadavers which are not human, for example bovines. Alloplastic grafts are made of bioglass and contain hydroxyapatite, a mineral that is one of the main components of the bone. Finally, growth factors are the result of the use of recombination DNA technology.
- Surgery length: The length of the surgery procedure depends mainly in the group of surgeons that will operate the patient. However, approximately it varies between three to five hours. The patients generally are suggested to stay one night in the hospital to assure they rest and recover from the treatment and from the anesthesia.
- How is the post surgery process
The post surgery process depends on the health of the patient. However there is an estimated period of time that is considered for all the patients who go under this type of operation. Doctors recommend to rest two weeks from the treatment. Some cases need more time; this is directly connected with the severity of the injury that has been healed. The time of recovery can last from two weeks to two months, taking into account the kind of patient. It is not suggested to do any kind of strong exercise, at least for six months, because it could affect the treatment, bringing infection problems or bleeding. Prolonged pain after the surgery is not common, however if this happens it is recommended to visit your dentist so he will be able to solve the problem by giving special medication and indications.
It is a fact that all surgery interventions imply the possibility of a risk. Some of the troubles that the surgery could present are: infection, bleeding and breathing problems. However, only 1% of the patients who go under this kind of surgery present infection problems. This can be solved with the use of antibiotics, which heal the damage in no more than one month. Of course those patients who have a preexistent disease have a higher risk compared with those who present favorable health conditions. Risks related to the use of anesthesia, include complications in breathing and presenting secondary reactions caused by the medication.
There are several kinds of doctors who can attend the different problems presented by their patients. Among them we can find a large variety of specialist, like, neurosurgeons, periodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, craniofacial surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. The treatment is performed by a specialist, who will determine the amount of bone that will be necessary. The surgery will not cause pain at all to the patient, because it is performed under general anesthesia, this assures both the patient and the professionals having a successful operation. The pain usually appears when the effect of the anesthesia has gone, however it can be solved by taking prescript medication given by the doctors and is used for solving this kind of troubles. Nowadays this kind of procedure is becoming very popular, many people have needed, along the years, ways to solve the problem of being edentulous; when removable bridges and dentures appeared, patients felt that the problem was solved, however this solution is not so effective compared to dental implants. By using dentures, there is a felling of insecurity because they are too loose and unstable; this is the main reason of the grown popularity of dental implants.
- What does the surgery not do
The surgery do not focalizes in the change of the shape of the tooth. It is important to know that the common use of bone grafting is related to dental implants; however it can be used to solve problems in other types of treatments related to pelvis, knees or any other part of the body which is in need of a particular bone.
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