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Botox Treatment
Relevant information about Botox Treatment.
Botox is the trade name of the botulinum toxin. It is a neurotoxic protein, which is created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This toxin is currently very popular as a beauty treatment, and it is used to treat muscle spasms as well.
Regarding its wide use in the cosmetic field, a Botox injection consists of a small dose of botulinum toxin, applied to paralyzed muscles which natural movement has caused wrinkles. The effects of a Botox Treatment on wrinkles have duration of around 90 to 120 days.
Among the wide uses of Botox, there are cosmetic treatments. In 2002, Botox was authorized to be used in the temporary improvement of face wrinkles. In general, Botox is applied to wrinkles between the eyebrows, involving the advantage of being much less invasive than other cosmetics procedures such as plastic surgeries.
Another popular use of Botox is the application to relieve muscle spasms. However, this use is still not accepted in many nations, especially in Europe. The reason for it is that there have been reports of collateral effects such as headaches, asthma, and overweight, among others.
And despite the popular use of Botox for cosmetic treatments and muscle spasms, there are other possible uses. One of them is healing of muscles that suffer complications caused by a syndrome called Upper Motor Neuron. This medical condition causes the muscles to lose the capability of lengthening.
The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome affects muscles turning them weak and with a reduced control of the moves. Joint motion may be restricted by severe muscle imbalance related to the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, when some muscles are markedly overactive. The use of Botox in these cases, allows muscles that tend to constrain, to keep the ability of movement.
On the other hand, and although it may seem a bit odd, sweating is another condition that can be easily solved by using injections of Botox. In these cases, the Botox works inhibiting the sweat action. Actually, Botox is usually applied in cases of severe sweat, commonly called hyperhidrosis.
Even though the most common type of Botox is type A, it has also been approved a type B, used to treat a disease called cervical dystonia.
Finally, there are other applications of Botox that involve diseases and medical conditions such as: cervical dystonia or spasmodic torticollis that affects the neck; severe blinking; excessive sweating; strabismus; achalasia; permanent focal painful neuropathies; migraines and headaches; incontinence on children; incontinence as a result of overactive bladder; incontinence as a consequence of neurogenic bladder; anal fissure; spastic disorders related to wounds or even diseases involving the central nervous system such as stroke, trauma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, or Parkinson's illness; also wound healing; excessive salivation; focal dystonias that affect limbs, face, jaw, or vocal cords; TMJ pain disorders; diabetic neuropathy; vocal cord dysfunction that involves spasmodic dysphonia and tremor; decreased of the Masseter muscle to reduce the volume of the inferior jaw; healing and impediment of chronic headache; and last but not least, chronic musculoskeletal pain. In the end, another increasing use that is under investigation is the application of Botox to lose weight, through the augmentation of gastric emptying time.
The history of Botox has long roots back in time. The first scientist that described it was Justinus Kerner. He was the first one that proposes the medical use of botulinum toxin. Next, Emile van Ermengem discovered bacterium Clostridium botulinum to be the creator of Botox, in 1897. Later on, in 1928, scientists Hermann Sommer and Tessmer Snipe sanitized the toxin for the first time in history. Another discovery around Botox was made in 1949, when Burgen's team revealed that botulinum toxin obstruct neuromuscular transmission.
Regarding research on the uses of Botox for a wide range of treatments, numerous discoveries have been made within the last years. In the decade of the 60’s, scientists Alan Scott and Edward Schantz prepared a type of botulinum toxin for the use of medical treatments. Later on, scientist Alan Scott adapted botulinum toxin type A to be applied in experiments with animals.
Then in 1980, Scott was authorized to use botulinum toxin type A in humans, as part of the treatment of a medical condition called strabismus.
Another use of Botox, which has been investigated, is its application for a disease called blepharospasm. In 1985, it was determined a standard use of injections and doses of Botox to treat blepharospasm.
Currently, seven different types of botulinum toxins are known in the world. They are botulinum toxin A, B, C, D, E, F and G. At the same time, six of these types count with what is known as a subtype. At a chemical level, Botox can be described as two chains of polypeptide with a 100-kDa weight chain connected by a disulphide union to a 50-kDa light chain. The last chain can be described as an enzyme that hits one of the fusion proteins at a neuromuscular intersection, keeping vesicles from being anchored to the membrane to liberate acetylcholine. When the liberation of acetylcholine is prevented, the toxin obstructs the nerve impulses and produces flaccid rigidity of muscles in botulism, on the contrary of the spastic stiffness caused by tetanus.
Curious information about Botox is that it has been pointed out as possible bio terrorist weapon. In case something with these characteristics occurred, it is imagined to be by the use of Botox in an intentional exposure. One feared possibility is that terrorists could use the botulinum toxin as a poison to contaminate water or food, for example.
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